烃源岩地质色层效应的模拟实验   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

陈中红  查明 《地球化学》2006,35(2):157-166

利用未混油或混油源岩样品在低温、加压条件下分别对纹层状泥岩、暗色块状泥岩及灰质块状泥岩样品进行排烃模拟实验,其中块状泥岩及灰质块状泥岩被研碎后混入同层原油,而纹层状泥岩不被研碎(也未混油),以保持其层理结构的完整性。实验结果显示,排烃过程造成轻烃相对富集,色谱图中主峰碳前移,正构烷烃分布及部分甾、萜烷参数值在排烃过程中产生明显变化,萜烷对运移的敏感性没有甾烷强。在排烃过程中纹层状泥岩与块状泥岩及灰质块状泥岩的地质色层效应有着显著的差异,相对而言,块状泥岩与块状灰质泥岩的排烃效率低,但排烃过程造成了它们出现较为明显的地质色层效应,而纹层状泥岩排烃效率高,但在排烃过程中地质色层效应不明显。分析认为源岩的物理结构是造成这种地质色层效应的差异的主要原因之一。  相似文献   

EH-4电导率成像系统的特点及其在金属矿勘探中的应用   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

孟贵祥  兰险 《矿床地质》2006,25(1):36-42

EH-4电导率成像系统是一种混场源频率域电磁观测系统,具有轻便、高效、勘探深度大、分辨率高的特点。通过在块状硫化物铜矿、斑岩铜矿已知矿区的试验研究,证实EH-4系统在这两种矿床类型的隐伏-半隐伏金属矿勘探中有较好的找矿效果。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地中西部深部流体活动及其对奥陶系天然气形成的热作用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

万丛礼  周瑶琪  陈勇  王建伟 《地学前缘》2006,13(3):122-128

鄂尔多斯是一个非常稳定的克拉通盆地,深部流体一直被认为是禁区。通过构造学、火成岩岩石学、矿物学、同位素以及热史分析等方法,首次系统证实了鄂尔多斯盆地中西部发生过强烈的深部流体活动,并分析了其形成机制和对奥陶系天然气形成的热演化作用。在中生代晚期,祁连构造域的挤压作用导致盆地西缘发生强烈逆冲推覆、断裂活动及三次大规模的深部流体上涌。这些流体在构造应力作用下主要沿J/T、O/C不整合面运移至盆地中部。流体携带了大量深部热能,使奥陶系上部古地温升高约50℃,并将其中的碳酸盐岩生烃速度提高了至少32倍。最终,深部流体一方面导致奥陶系生烃量显著增加,另一方面也降低了天然气的散失,有助于其聚集成藏。深部流体使鄂尔多斯盆地中西部奥陶系天然气成因复杂化,另外它对深入探索铀和其它金属矿床的形成及盆地演化也具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Mantle heat flow and thermal structure of the northern block of Southern Granulite Terrain, India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ajay Manglik   《Journal of Geodynamics》2006,41(5):510-519

Continental shield regions are normally characterized by low-to-moderate mantle heat flow. Archaean Dharwar craton of the Indian continental shield also follows the similar global pattern. However, some recent studies have inferred significantly higher mantle heat flow for the Proterozoic northern block of Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) in the immediate vicinity of the Dharwar craton by assuming that the radiogenic elements depleted exposed granulites constitute the 45-km-thick crust. In this study, we use four-layered model of the crustal structure revealed by integrated geophysical studies along a geo-transect in this region to estimate the mantle heat flow. The results indicate that: (i) the mantle heat flow of the northern block of SGT is 17 ± 2 mW/m², supporting the global pattern, and (ii) the lateral variability of 10–12 mW/m² in the surface heat flow within the block is of crustal origin. In terms of temperature, the Moho beneath the eastern Salem–Namakkal region appears to be at 80–100 °C higher temperature than that beneath the western Avinashi region.  相似文献   

油气包裹体的显微红外光谱测试技术及应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邹育良  霍秋立  俞萱 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2006,25(1):105-108

单一油气包裹体的成分一直是地质学家关注的焦点,它能为油气成藏研究提供最直接的证据。显微红外光谱技术可以测定单个油气包裹体的成分、分子结构和其中油气包裹体的成熟度。本文应用显微红外光谱技术、包裹体的鉴定和均一温度测定技术,分析了大庆探区海拉尔盆地乌27井、巴16井、希3井等样品的包裹体。研究表明,乌27井有过两期成藏,并以第二期为主;巴16井也有过两期主要成藏,且第二期具混源的特点;希3井只有一次主要成藏期。同时利用红外光谱的CH2/CH3值、Xinc、Xstd划分了三口井的油气成藏期次,结果与镜下鉴定结论相一致,并确定了其中油气包裹体的成熟度。本文还探讨了显微-红外光谱测试单一油气包裹体的发展方向。  相似文献   

Net ecosystem CO_2 exchange and controlling factors in a steppe——Kobresia meadow on the Tibetan Plateau     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(Z2)

Knowledge of seasonal variation of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and its biotic and abiotic controllers will further our understanding of carbon cycling process, mechanism and large-scale modelling. Eddy covariance technique was used to measure NEE, biotic and abiotic factors for nearly 3 years in the hinterland alpine steppe--Korbresia meadow grassland on the Tibetan Plateau, the present highest fluxnet station in the world. The main objectives are to investigate dynamics of NEE and its components and to determine the major controlling factors. Maximum carbon assimilation took place in August and maximum carbon loss occurred in November. In June, rainfall amount due to monsoon climate played a great role in grass greening and consequently influenced interannual variation of ecosystem carbon gain. From July through September, monthly NEE presented net carbon assimilation. In other months, ecosystem exhibited carbon loss. In growing season, daytime NEE was mainly controlled by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). In addition, leaf area index (LAI) interacted with PAR and together modulated NEE rates. Ecosystem respiration was controlled mainly by soil temperature and simultaneously by soil moisture. Q10 was negatively correlated with soil temperature but positively correlated with soil moisture. Large daily range of air temperature is not necessary to enhance carbon gain. Standard respiration rate at referenced 10℃(R10) was positively correlated with soil moisture, soil temperature, LAI and aboveground biomass. Rainfall patterns in growing season markedly influenced soil moisture and therefore soil moisture controlled seasonal change of ecosystem respiration. Pulse rainfall in the beginning and at the end of growing season induced great ecosystem respiration and consequently a great amount of carbon was lost. Short growing season and relative low temperature restrained alpine grass vegetation development. The results suggested that LAI be usually in a low level and carbon uptake be relatively low. Rainfall patterns in the growing season and pulse rainfall in the beginning and at end of growing season control ecosystem respiration and consequently influence carbon balance of ecosystem.  相似文献   

Response of canopy quantum yield of alpine meadow to temperature under low atmospheric pressure on Tibetan Plateau     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(Z2)

An open-path eddy covariance system was set up in Damxung rangeland station to measure the carbon flux from July to October, 2003. The canopy quantum yield (α) of alpine meadow was calculated by the linear function between the net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) and the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) under low light, and how it was influenced by the temperature was also discussed. Results showed that the canopy or decreased almost linearly with temperature, with the decrease in every 1℃increase of temperature similar to those measured on leaf level of C3 plant. At the beginning, the decrease of canopyαwith temperature was 0.0005 umol CO2·μmol-1 PAR; while it increased to 0.0008μmol CO2·μmol-1 PAR in September, showing a rising trend with plant growing stages. Compared with the canopy a calculated with rectangular hyperbola function, the value in the paper was lower. However, the method advanced here has the advantages in examining the relationship betweenαand the key environmental factors, such as temperature.  相似文献   

油气包裹体在油气地质研究中的应用--概念、分类、形成机制及研究意义   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17  

潘立银  倪培  欧光习  丁俊英 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2006,25(1):19-28

油气包裹体己成为油气成藏研究的有力工具，在划分油气运移充注期次、确定油气藏的形成时间、反映油气的成熟度及来源等方面均有重要的应用价值。近年来，利用油气包裹体及其共生的盐水溶液包裹体估算油气藏形成时的pVT条件是油气包裹体研究中的一个新热点，它为更准确地计算油气藏形成的温度一压力条件提供了一种独立的、更准确的技术手段。研究表明，包裹体岩相学和流体体系的热力学研究仍将是今后的发展重点。油气包裹体的pVT模拟技术尚处于初始阶段，两种软件（VTFlinc和FIT）的准确性和精确性虽有待进一步提高，但已经成为今后一个重要的发展方向。  相似文献   

热源法探测陡河水库左坝肩绕坝渗漏通道     

陈建生  樊哲超  董海洲  吴庆林  孟文琦  乔冠军 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(5):61-65

通过热源法对陡河水库渗漏通道的探测发现,陡河水库左坝肩存在着绕坝渗漏通道。在左坝肩基岩10m高程附近存在低温场异常,通过对水库底部附近温度场分布测量,判定出低温水来自上游右支河水的补给,通过低温区分布确定出绕坝渗漏强渗漏通道的位置,在库水位保持在32m时,根据热源法计算出渗漏通道的渗漏量在3.59×105~4.74×105m3/d之间,钻孔发现水库边基岩中的水位比库水位低22m,水位差是造成了水库跌窝事故的主要原因,在11#钻孔中发现了来自河床的细砂,在11#和9#孔中的连通试验证实基岩中的强渗漏通道。  相似文献   

土壤环境中砷元素的生态效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡省英  冉伟彦 《物探与化探》2006,30(1):83-86,91

论述了各环境介质中砷元素的分布特点,指出土壤第Ⅱ环境中的砷主要来源于人为活动。砷主要富集于土壤表层,且主要以稳定矿物形式存在;但当土壤砷总量高时其可溶性砷量亦相应高,砷在土壤中易形成Fe、Al、Ca型砷化物而被固定;当土壤pH值增高至中性或碱性时,砷易转化为迁移能力更强、毒性更大的三价砷。砷对作物、人体生态系统危害作用明显,砷通过蔬菜对人体的危害甚于谷物,应采取有效措施防治土壤中砷污染。  相似文献